| I | Evolution and development | 1 |
| | Introduction / Pasko Rakic | 3 |
| 1 | What is it like to be a human? / Todd M. Preuss | 5 |
| 2 | Adult neurogenesis in the primate forebrain / David R. Kornack | 23 |
| 3 | Setting the stage for cognition : genesis of the primate cerebral cortex / Pasko Rakic, Eugenius S. B. C. Ang, Joshua Breunig | 33 |
| 4 | Neuronal migration in the brain / Guofa Liu, Yi Rao | 51 |
| 5 | Patterning of the cerebral cortex / Sonia Garel, John L. R. Rubenstein | 69 |
| 6 | A new perspective on the role of activity in the development of eye-specific retinogeniculate projections / Leo M. Chalupa, Andrew D. Huberman | 85 |
| 7 | Brain and behavioral development during childhood / Jerome Kagan, Abigail Baird | 93 |
| II | Plasticity | 105 |
| | Introduction / Ira B. Black | 107 |
| 8 | Long-term plasticity of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the cerebral cortex / Robert A. Crozier, Benjamin D. Philpot, Nathaniel B. Sawtell, Mark F. Bear | 109 |
| 9 | Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain / Henriette van Praag, Xinyu Zhao, Fred H. Gage | 127 |
| 10 | Stress, deprivation, and adult neurogenesis / Elizabeth Gould | 139 |
| 11 | Quantitative analysis of fetal and adult neurogenesis : regulation of neuron number / Richard S. Nowakowski, Nancy L. Hayes | 149 |
| 12 | Stem cell plasticity : overview and perspective / Dale Woodbury, Ira B. Black | 161 |
| 13 | How sex and stress hormones regulate the structural and functional plasticity of the hippocampus / Bruce S. McEwen | 171 |
| III | Sensory systems | 183 |
| | Introduction / J. Anthony Movshon, Brian Wandell | 185 |
| 14 | The implications of metabolic energy requirements for the representation of information in neurons / Simon B. Laughlin | 187 |
| 15 | Somatosensory discrimination : neural coding and decision-making mechanisms / Ranulfo Romo, Victor de Lafuente, Adrian Hernandez | 197 |
| 16 | Auditory cortex in primates : functional subdivisions and processing streams / Troy A. Hackett, Jon H. Kaas | 215 |
| 17 | A new foundation for the visual cortical hierarchy / Jonathan C. Horton, Lawrence C. Sincich | 233 |
| 18 | Birdsong : hearing in the service of vocal learning / Allison J. Doupe, Michele M. Solis, Charlotte A. Boettiger, Neal A. Hessler | 245 |
| 19 | Olfaction : from sniff to percept / Moustafa Bensafi, Christina Zelano, Brad Johnson, Joel Mainland, Rehan Khan, Noam Sobel | 259 |
| 20 | Origins of perception : retinal ganglion cell diversity and the creation of parallel visual pathways / Dennis Dacey | 281 |
| 21 | Mechanisms of image processing in the visual cortex / C. Elizabeth Boudreau, David Ferster | 303 |
| 22 | Receptive fields and suppressive fields in the early visual system / Matteo Carandini | 313 |
| 23 | Characterization of neural responses with stochastic stimuli / Eero P. Simoncelli, Liam Paninski, Jonathan Pillow, Odelia Schwartz | 327 |
| 24 | Neuronal correlates of visual attention and perception / David J. Heeger, David Ress | 339 |
| 25 | Dynamics of attentional modulation in visual cerebral cortex / John H. R. Maunsell, Geoffrey M. Ghose | 351 |
| 26 | Acoustic stimulus processing and multimodal interactions in primates / Gregg H. Recanzone | 359 |
| 27 | Motion perception and midlevel vision / Josh McDermott, Edward H. Adelson | 369 |
| 28 | Determining an auditory scene / William A. Yost | 385 |
| 29 | Short-term memory for the rapid deployment of visual attention / Ken Nakayama, Vera Maljkovic, Arni Kristjansson | 397 |
| IV | Motor systems | 409 |
| | Introduction / Emilio Bizzi, Scott T. Grafton | 411 |
| 30 | Toward a neurobiology of coordinate transformations / Emilio Bizzi, Ferdinando A. Mussa-Ivaldi | 413 |
| 31 | Cortical mechanisms subserving object grasping, action understanding, and imitation / Giacomo Rizzolatti, Leonardo Fogassi, Vittorio Gallese | 427 |
| 32 | The representation of action / Scott T. Grafton, Richard B. Ivry | 441 |
| 33 | Basal ganglia and cerebellar circuits with the cerebral cortex / Peter L. Strick | 453 |
| 34 | Sensorimotor transformations in the posterior parietal cortex / Richard Andersen, Daniella Meeker, Bijan Pesaran, Boris Breznen, Christopher Buneo, Hans Scherberger | 463 |
| 35 | Brain mechanisms of praxis / Apostolos P. Georgopoulos | 475 |
| 36 | Computational motor control / Daniel M. Wolpert, Zoubin Ghahramani | 485 |
| 37 | The basal ganglia and the control of action / Ann M. Graybiel, Esen Saka | 495 |
| 38 | Motor learning and memory for reaching and pointing / Reza Shadmehr, Steven P. Wise | 511 |
| V | Attention | 525 |
| | Introduction / Anne Treisman | 527 |
| 39 | Psychological issues in selective attention / Anne Treisman | 529 |
| 40 | Orienting and inhibition of return / Raymond Klein | 545 |
| 41 | Selective attention : electrophysiological and neuromagnetic studies / Joseph B. Hopfinger, Steven J. Luck, Steven A. Hillyard | 561 |
| 42 | Visual selective attention : insights from brain imaging and neurophysiology / Winrich A. Freiwald, Nancy G. Kanwisher | 575 |
| 43 | Spatial neglect and extinction / Jon Driver, Patrik Vuilleumier, Masud Husain | 589 |
| 44 | Attention and the frontal lobes / Glyn W. Humphreys, Dana Samson | 607 |
| 45 | Attention and action / Steven P. Tipper | 619 |
| 46 | Vigilant attention / Ian H. Robertson, Hugh Garavan | 631 |
| VI | Memory | 641 |
| | Introduction / Daniel L. Schacter | 643 |
| 47 | Synaptic growth and the persistence of long-term memory : a molecular perspective / Craig H. Bailey, Eric R. Kandel | 647 |
| 48 | Domain specificity in cognitive systems / Lila Davachi, Lizabeth M. Romanski, Matthew V. Chafee, Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic | 665 |
| 49 | An information processing framework for memory representation by the hippocampus / Howard Eichenbaum | 679 |
| 50 | Medial temporal lobe function and memory / Larry R. Squire, Robert E. Clark, Peter J. Bayley | 691 |
| 51 | Cognitive control, semantic memory, and priming : contributions from prefrontal cortex / Anthony D. Wagner, Silvia A. Bunge, David Badre | 709 |
| 52 | Retrieval processes in human memory : electrophysiological and fMRI evidence / Michael D. Rugg | 727 |
| 53 | Neural correlates of memory's successes and sins / Randy L. Buckner, Daniel L. Schacter | 739 |
| VII | Language | 753 |
| | Introduction / Alfonso Caramazza | 755 |
| 54 | Prelexical and lexical processing in listening / Peter Indefrey, Anne Cutler | 759 |
| 55 | Cognitive and neural substrates of written language : comprehension and production / Argye E. Hillis, Brenda C. Rapp | 775 |
| 56 | The neural basis of syntactic processes / Angela D. Friederici | 789 |
| 57 | The organization of lexical knowledge in the brain : the grammatical dimension / Kevin Shapiro, Alfonso Caramazza | 803 |
| 58 | The neural basis of reading acquisition / Franck Ramus | 815 |
| 59 | Biological foundations of language acquisition : evidence from bilingualism / Jacques Mehler, Nuria Sebastian-Galles, Marina Nespor | 825 |
| 60 | The evolution of language / W. Tecumseh Fitch | 837 |
| VIII | Higher cognitive functions | 847 |
| | Introduction / Nikos K. Logothetis | 849 |
| 61 | Evolutionary and developmental foundations of human knowledge : a case study of mathematics / Marc D. Hauser, Elizabeth Spelke | 853 |
| 62 | From number neurons to mental arithmetic : the cognitive neuroscience of number sense / Manuela Piazza, Stanislas Dehaene | 865 |
| 63 | Object categorization, expertise, and neural plasticity / James W. Tanaka | 877 |
| 64 | Spatial and temporal distribution of face and object representations in the human brain / James V. Haxby, M. Ida Gobbini, K. Montgomery | 889 |
| 65 | Associative memory : representation, activation, and cognitive control / Ryoko Fujimichi, Yuji Naya, Yasushi Miyashita | 905 |
| 66 | Top-down mechanisms for working memory and attentional processes / Luiz Pessoa, Leslie G. Ungerleider | 919 |
| 67 | The brain's mind's images : the cognitive neuroscience of mental imagery / Giorgio Ganis, William L. Thompson, Fred Mast, Stephen M. Kosslyn | 931 |
| 68 | The fractionation of supervisory control / Tim Shallice | 943 |
| 69 | Functional MRI in monkeys : a bridge between human and animal brain research / Nikos K. Logothetis | 957 |
| IX | Emotion and social neuroscience | 971 |
| | Introduction / Todd F. Heatherton, Elizabeth A. Phelps, Joseph E. LeDoux | 973 |
| 70 | Social neuroscience / John T. Cacioppo, Gary G. Berntson | 977 |
| 71 | The neural basis of fear / Glen E. Schafe, Jospeh E. LeDoux | 987 |
| 72 | The human amygdala and awareness : interactions between emotion and cognition / Elizabeth A. Phelps | 1005 |
| 73 | Processing of emotional and social information by the human amygdala / Ralph Adolphs | 1017 |
| 74 | Stress and cognition / Robert M. Sapolsky | 1031 |
| 75 | A general circuitry-processing reward/aversion information and its implications for neuropsychiatric illness / Hans C. Breiter, Gregory P. Gasic | 1043 |
| 76 | A self less ordinary : the medial prefrontal cortex and you / C. Neil Macrae, Todd F. Heatherton, William M. Kelley | 1067 |
| 77 | The cognitive neuroscience of knowing one's self / Stanley B. Klein | 1077 |
| 78 | Frontal lobe contributions to executive control of cognitive and social behavior / Jennifer S. Beer, Arthur P. Shimamura, Robert T. Knight | 1091 |
| X | Consciousness | 1105 |
| | Introduction / Christof Koch | 1107 |
| 79 | How can we construct a science of consciousness? / David J. Chalmers | 1111 |
| 80 | The neurology of impaired consciousness : challenges for cognitive neuroscience / Nicholas D. Schiff | 1121 |
| 81 | A framework for consciousness / Francis C. Crick, Christof Koch | 1133 |
| 82 | Neural mechanisms for access to consciousness / Stanislas Dehaene, Jean-Pierre Changeux | 1145 |
| 83 | Perceiving the world and grasping it: dissociations between conscious and unconscious visual processing / Melvyn A. Goodale | 1159 |
| 84 | Neural correlates of visual consciousness in humans / Geraint Rees | 1173 |
| 85 | Split decisions / George Wolford, Michael B. Miller, Michael S. Gazzaniga | 1189 |
| 86 | Authorship processing / Daniel M. Wegner, Betsy Sparrow | 1201 |
| XI | Perspectives and new directions | 1211 |
| | Introduction / Michael S. Gazzaniga | 1213 |
| 87 | Neuronal studies of decision making in the visual-saccadic system / Paul W. Glimcher, Michael Dorris | 1215 |
| 88 | The neurophysiology of decision making as a window on cognition / Michael N. Shadlen, Joshua I. Gold | 1229 |
| 89 | Cortical plasticity in the adult human brain / Megan S. Steven, Colin Blakemore | 1243 |
| 90 | Genes and the development of neural networks underlying cognitive processes / John Fossella, Michael I. Posner | 1255 |
| 91 | Functional imaging, neurophysiology, and the resting state of the human brain / Debra A. Gusnard, Marcus E. Raichle | 1267 |
| 92 | Cognitive neuroimaging : history, developments, and directions / John Darrell Van Horn | 1281 |
| 93 | Social exchange : the evolutionary design of a neurocognitive system / Leda Cosmides, John Tooby | 1295 |
| 94 | Bioethical issues in the cognitive neurosciences / Martha J. Farah | 1309 |
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