Energy embedded in food loss management and in the production of uneaten food: seeking a sustainable pathway
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Hoehn Capracci, Daniel; Margallo Blanco, María; Laso Cortabitarte, Jara; García Herrero, María Isabel; Bala Gala, Alba; Fullana i Palmer, Pere; Irabien Gulías, José Ángel; Aldaco García, RubénFecha
2019-02-25Derechos
Attribution 4.0 International
Publicado en
Energies, 2019, 12(4), 767. 13th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES), Palermo, 2018
Editorial
MDPI
Palabras clave
Anaerobic digestion and composting
Circular economy
Energy return on investment
Hydrogen bioenergy
Food waste hierarchy
Resumen/Abstract
Recently, important efforts have been made to define food loss management strategies. Most strategies have mainly been focused on mass and energy recovery through mixed food loss in centralised recovery models. This work aims to highlight the need to address a decentralised food loss management, in order to manage the different fractions and on each of the different stages of the food supply chain. For this purpose, an energy flow analysis is made, through the calculation of the primary energy demand of four stages and 11 food categories of the Spanish food supply chain in 2015. The energy efficiency assessment is conducted under a resource use perspective, using the energy return on investment (EROI) ratio, and a circular economy perspective, developing an Energy return on investment ? Circular economy index (EROIce), based on a food waste-to-energy-to-food approach. Results suggest that the embodied energy loss consist of 17% of the total primary energy demand, and related to the food categories, the vegetarian diet appears to be the most efficient, followed by the pescetarian diet. Comparing food energy loss values with the estimated energy provided for one consumer, it is highlighted the fact that the food energy loss generated by two to three persons amounts to one person's total daily intake. Moreover, cereals is the category responsible for the highest percentage on the total food energy loss (44%); following by meat, fish and seafood and vegetables. When the results of food energy loss and embodied energy loss are related, it is observed that categories such as meat and fish and seafood have a very high primary energy demand to produce less food, besides that the parts of the food supply chain with more energy recovery potential are the beginning and the end. Finally, the EROIce analysis shows that in the categories of meat, fish and seafood and cereals, anaerobic digestion and composting is the best option for energy recovery. From the results, it is discussed the possibility to developed local digesters at the beginning and end of the food supply chain, as well as to developed double digesters installations for hydrogen recovery from cereals loss, and methane recovery from mixed food loss.
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