Kabardino-Balkaria
Kabardino-Balkaria | |
|---|---|
| Country | Russia |
| Federal district | [1] |
| Economic region | [2] |
| Population | |
| • Estimate (2018)[3] | 865,828 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [4]) |
| OKTMO ID | 83000000 |
| Official languages | Russian[5] |
Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ; Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика), or Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic), located in the North Caucasus. The direct romanization of the republic's name in the Russian language is Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika, or Kabardino-Balkariya.
Geography
The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part.
- Area: 12,500 km²
- Borders:
- internal: Stavropol Krai (N/NE), Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (E/SE/S), Karachay-Cherkess Republic (W/NW)
- international: Georgia (S/SW)
- Highest point: Mount Elbrus (5,642 m)
- Maximum N->S distance: 167 km
- Maximum E->W distance: 123 km
Time zone
Kabardino-Balkaria is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).
Rivers
Major rivers include:
- Terek River (623 km)
- Malka River (216 km)
- Cherek River (131 km)
- Chegem River (102 km)
- Argudan River
- Baksan River
- Kurkuzhin River
- Lesken River
- Urukh River
Lakes
There are about 100 lakes in the republic, none of which are large. Most of the lakes (55) are located between the Baksan and Malka Rivers, with the largest lakes each having an area of no more than 0.01 km². Some of the lakes are:
- Tserikkel Lake (with the area of 26,000 m²; 368 m deep)
- Lower Goluboye Lake
- Kel-Ketchen Lake (177 m deep)
- Upper Goluboye Lake (18 m deep)
- Sekretnoye Lake
- Tambukanskoy Lake (area:1.77 km²; 1.5-2 m deep). This lake is partially located in Stavropol Krai.
Mountains
Mount Elbrus, the highest peak of the North Caucasus and Europe, is located in the republic. Other major mountains include:
- Mount Dykhtau (5,402 m)
- Mount Koshkhatau (5,151 m)
- Mount Shkhara (5,068 m)
- Pushkin Peak (5,033 m)
- Mount Mizhergi (5,025 m)
Natural resources
Republic's natural resources include molybdenum, tungsten ores, coal, among other things.
Climate
The republic has a continental type climate.
- Average January temperature: -4°C (plains) to -12°C (mountains).
- Average July temperature: +23°C (plains) to +4°C (mountains)
- Average annual precipitation: 500-2,000 mm.
Administrative divisions
Demographics
- Population: 901,494 (2002)
- Urban: 510,346 (56.6%)
- Rural: 391,148 (43.4%)
- Male: 422,720 (46.9%)
- Female: 478,774 (53.1%)
- Females per 1000 males: 1,133
- Average age: 30.9 years
- Urban: 32.4 years
- Rural: 29.0 years
- Male: 29.1 years
- Female: 32.8 years
- Number of households: 227,922 (with 891,783 people)
- Urban: 144,872 (with 504,085 people)
- Rural: 83,050 (with 387,698 people)
- Vital statistics (2005)
- Births: 8,991 (birth rate 10.0)
- Deaths: 9,034 (death rate 10.1)
- Ethnic groups
Kabardino-Balkaria consists of two ethnic territories, one predominantly of Kabardin (speakers of a North-West Caucasian language) and the other predominantly Balkars (speakers of a Turkic language). According to the 2002 Census, Kabardin make up 55.3% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (25.1%) and Balkars (11.6%). Other groups include Ossetians (9,845, or 1.1%), Turks (8,770, or 1.0%), Ukrainians (7,592, or 0.8%), Armenians (5,342, or 0.6%), Koreans (4,722, or 0.5%), Chechens (4,241, or 0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.
| census 1926 | census 1939 | census 1959 | census 1970 | census 1979 | census 1989 | census 2002 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kabardins | 122,402 (60.0%) | 152,237 (42.4%) | 190,284 (45.3%) | 264,675 (45.0%) | 303,604 (45.5%) | 364,494 (48.2%) | 498,702 (55.3%) |
| Balkars | 33,197 (16.3%) | 40,747 (11.3%) | 34,088 (8.1%) | 51,356 (8.7%) | 59,710 (9.0%) | 70,793 (9.4%) | 104,951 (11.6%) |
| Russians | 15,344 (7.5%) | 129,067 (35.9%) | 162,586 (38.7%) | 218,595 (37.2%) | 234,137 (35.1%) | 240,750 (31.9%) | 226,620 (25.1%) |
| Ossetians | 4,078 (2.0%) | 4,608 (1.3%) | 6,442 (1.5%) | 9,167 (1.6%) | 9,710 (1.5%) | 9,996 (1.3%) | 9,845 (1.1%) |
| Ukrainians | 17,213 (8.4%) | 11,142 (3.1%) | 8,400 (2.0%) | 10,620 (1.8%) | 12,139 (1.8%) | 12,826 (1.7%) | 7,592 (0.8%) |
| Others | 11,772 (5.8%) | 21,328 (5.9%) | 18,315 (4.4%) | 33,790 (5.7%) | 47,246 (7.1%) | 55,672 (7.4%) | 53,784 (6.0%) |
History
Politics
The head of government in Kabardino-Balkaria is the President. The current President is Arsen Kanokov, who has held the position since September 2005.
The parliament of the Repubilc is the Legislative Assembly comprising two chambers with 36 deputies elected for a five year term each—the Council of the Republic and the Council of Representatives.
The Constitution of Kabardino-Balkaria was adopted on September 1, 1997.
Economy
The economy of Kabardino-Balkaria is primarily agricultural, with lumber production and mining. Most of the industry centers on agricultural processing. The fall of the Soviet Union and the outbreak of the various conflicts in the Caucasus have hit the republic hard, causing a collapse in tourism in the region and producing an unemployment level estimated to be as high as 90%. Poverty is reported to be an endemic problem in the republic.
See also
External links
- Template:Ru icon Official website of the President of the Republic
- Template:Ru icon Kabardino-Balkaria Online
- Template:En icon Information and many links for pages about Kabardino-Balkaria
- Template:En icon Kabardino-Balkaria information and photo gallery
- Template:En icon Images of Kabardino-Balkaria
| Geography |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Political entities | ||
| History of the Caucasus | ||
| Related | ||
- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.