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Abdul Hakim Sialkoti

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Mulla
Abdul Hakim Sialkoti
ملا عبدالحکیم سیالکوٹی
TitleFazīl Lahorī
Aftāb-i-Panjāb
Personal
Bornc. 1561
Sialkot, Punjab, Mughal Empire
Died1657
Sialkot, Punjab, Mughal (Baburid) Empire
ReligionIslam
EraMughal India
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi
Main interest(s)Islamic Law, Islamic philosophy, Islamic metaphysics
EducationUnder Mulla Kamal al-Din Kashmiri
TeachersMulla Kamal al-Din Kashmiri, Abdul Hak Dehlawi
Known forFor his extensive work in Kalam (theology), Logic, Linguistic, and Philosophy
Muslim leader
Influenced by
  • Katib Kazwini Ibn Sina Jalal al-Din al-Dawani Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Al-Ghazali Sayyid Sharif al-Jurjani Sa'd al-Din Taftāzānī Molla Khayali Hasan Çelebi 'Adud al-Din al-Iji Kutbuddin al-Razi Umar Nasafi Sadr al-Shari'ah Abu Ishaq al-Sarraj Najm al-Din al-Katibi Sirajuddin al-Urmavi Ibn al-Hajib Abdul Ghafur Lari Baizawi Jarullah al-Zamakhshari

Abdul Hakim Sialkoti (Punjabi: ملا عبدالحکیم سیالکوٹی, romanized: Allama Mulla ʿAbd al-Ḥakīm Siyālkōtī; c. 1580 – 1656) was one of the most influential Hind scholar in rational sciences, i.e., theology (kalam), logic, philosophy and linguistic.[1][2]

Biography[edit]

Abdul Hakim Sialkoti was born in 968 AH/c. 1561 during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar into a weaver family from Sialkot. He was the son of Shaykh Muhammad Shams al-Dīn, a religious scholar.[3][4] Abdul Hakim received his early education from his father, and then studied under the renowned religious scholar of his time, Shaykh Kamāl al-Dīn (d. 1017 AH/ 1608), who was also the teacher of another well-known theologian, Ahmad Sirhindi.[2] Later, Sialkoti regarded him as mujaddid alf-e thani (reviver of second millennium).[5]

During the reign of Akbar, Sialkoti taught in Lahore where he came to be known as Fazīl Lahorī.[6][7] He had two notable class fellows, Ahmad Sirhindi and Nawab Sa'dullah Khan. When Sa'dullah Khan was appointed as vizier of Emperor Shah Jahān, Sialkoti was introduced to the emperor by the former who ordered him to be sent for.[8][4] He became the most influential scholar in the imperial court, and taught in the imperial madrassa in Delhi.[2] Sialkoti was weighed in gold twice by Shah Jahān.[9][10] He was the one who introduced the Persian philosopher Mulla Sadra in the Subcontinent, and his fame reached as far as Ottoman Empire already during his lifetime.[11]

Ahmad Sirhindi and Sialkoti were both class fellows. After the completion of their studies, they remained separated for a certain time. In the later year, one of Sialkoti's students remained absent for a few days from the class. Sialkoti got concerned and he sent word for him. The student came back with few pages in his hands and on Sialkoti's curiosity, he told that he read these pages and they caught his attention that he got distracted from his studies. When Sialkoti read the pages, he was also impressed. Ultimately, he figured out that these pages were written by Ahmad Sirhindi himself. And he went to Sirhind to meet Ahmad. He was the one who gave the title of Mujadid-e-Alf-e-Sani (Reviver of the second millennium) to Ahmad Sirhindi.[11] In return, Ahmad Sirhindi bestowed upon him the title of Aftāb-i-Panjāb (Sun among the scholars of Punjab).[12][7]

Literary works[edit]

Sialkoti was a prolific writer of 25. His most important works include Ḥāshiya-yi sharḥ ḥikmat al-'ayn, Ḥāshiya-yi sharḥ al-'aqā'id of 'Allamah al-Taftāzānī, Ḥāshiya-yi sharḥ al-mawāqif of 'Allamah al-Jurjānī, Ḥāshiya-yi sharifiyyah, Ḥāshiya-yi sharḥ-i shamsiyyah, Durrat al-thamīnah and Risāla al-khāqāniyya.[13][2][11]

Students[edit]

No doubt he had many students from different backgrounds. It must be crossed hundreds if not thousands as he used to deliver lecture for a long time. His notable students include Chandar Bhan Brahman, Qāzi Abdur Rahīm Murādabādī, Syed Ismail Bilgrāmī, Shaykh Muhammad Afzal Jaunpurī, Ismatullah Saharanpuri and Moulavī Muhammad Qanuajī.[14] After Abdul Hakim Sialkoti's death in 1656, his son Maulvī Abdullah (d. 1094 AH/1682) became chief scholar of Sialkot, and his madrassa became a centre of learning.[15][16][17]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Al Mamun, Abdullah; An Intellectual Biography of ‘Abd al-Ḥakīm al-Siyālkūtī (d. 1657): His Place in Hind Intellectual History and Influence upon Ottomans, PhD thesis, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, p. i-ix, 50,
  2. ^ a b c d Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Leaman, Oliver (2013). History of Islamic Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 1064–1065. ISBN 978-1-136-78043-1.
  3. ^ Nisa 1997, pp. 9–10.
  4. ^ a b Rose 1997, pp. 497–498.
  5. ^ Al Mamun, Abdullah; An Intellectual Biography of ‘Abd al-Ḥakīm al-Siyālkūtī (d. 1657): His Place in Hind Intellectual History and Influence upon Ottomans, PhD thesis, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, p. 30.
  6. ^ Al Mamun, Abdullah; An Intellectual Biography of ‘Abd al-Ḥakīm al-Siyālkūtī (d. 1657): His Place in Hind Intellectual History and Influence upon Ottomans, PhD thesis, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, p. 59.
  7. ^ a b Nisa 1997, pp. 116–117.
  8. ^ Al Mamun, Abdullah; An Intellectual Biography of ‘Abd al-Ḥakīm al-Siyālkūtī (d. 1657): His Place in Hind Intellectual History and Influence upon Ottomans, PhD thesis, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, p. 66-72
  9. ^ Al Mamun, Abdullah; An Intellectual Biography of ‘Abd al-Ḥakīm al-Siyālkūtī (d. 1657): His Place in Hind Intellectual History and Influence upon Ottomans, PhD thesis, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, p. 226.
  10. ^ Spooner, Brian; Hanaway, William L. (2012). Literacy in the Persianate World: Writing and the Social Order. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 307. ISBN 978-1-934536-56-8.
  11. ^ a b c Schimmel, Annemarie (2022). Islam in the Indian Subcontinent. BRILL. pp. 94–96. ISBN 978-90-04-49299-8.
  12. ^ Al Mamun, Abdullah; An Intellectual Biography of ‘Abd al-Ḥakīm al-Siyālkūtī (d. 1657): His Place in Hind Intellectual History and Influence upon Ottomans, PhD thesis, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, p. 40, 66-80.
  13. ^ Al Mamun, Abdullah; An Intellectual Biography of ‘Abd al-Ḥakīm al-Siyālkūtī (d. 1657): His Place in Hind Intellectual History and Influence upon Ottomans, PhD thesis, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, p. 367-8
  14. ^ Nisa 1997, pp. 11–12.
  15. ^ Al Mamun, Abdullah; An Intellectual Biography of ‘Abd al-Ḥakīm al-Siyālkūtī (d. 1657): His Place in Hind Intellectual History and Influence upon Ottomans, PhD thesis, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, p. 110-120
  16. ^ Casalini, Cristiano; Choi, Edward; Woldegiyorgis, Ayenachew A. (2021). Education beyond Europe: Models and Traditions before Modernities. BRILL. p. 137. ISBN 978-90-04-44147-7.
  17. ^ Nisa 1997, pp. 134–135.

Sources[edit]

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