Jakob Lindgaard

The aim of this thesis is to break with the dilemma of underdetermination and dualism I claim haunts attempts to give an account of the relation between concept, norm, and nature. I investigate what it takes to get out of the dilemma's grip, dissolve it, or otherwise display it as a false alternative. In particular, I consider what I have found to be the three most promising strategies for doing so. There are two points of entry into thinking about the dilemma. One is a conflict between two general intuitions that seem to guide most contemporary approaches in this field, what I have labelled the orthodox· naturalist and the normativist intuitions. I outline this conflict in the Introduction. The second point of entry is the role the dilemma plays as the premise responsible for what seems to be a permanent inability to give an account of conceptual normativity. In Chapter One, I introduce two models for thinking about conceptual normativity, the 'intentionality' model,...

FEUTURE Online Paper No. 20 This paper analyses the effects of developments in the Middle East since 1999 on the security relationship between the European Union (EU) and Turkey. The chronological outlook allows us to identify three main drivers in the relationship. The first is 'conflictual multipolarity,' i.e. the conventional and non-conventional competition between different state actors in the Middle East. A cause and effect of this is regional instability and power vacuums, which create environments conducive for armed non-state actors to flourish. Second, transnational terrorism and radicalization which presents major threats to both parties and serves as potential drivers for cooperation if Ankara and EU states can agree on the risks and definitions posed by armed non-state actors. Third and perhaps most salient, is the Kurdish issue, which has seen a transformation from a primarily domestic issue for Turkey into an issue of regional and international magnitude, pitt...

FEUTURE Online Paper No. 25 This is a paper about European public opinion towards Turkey's prospective EU membership. It outlines a trend of reclining support, makes an analytical attempt at spelling out the drivers that underpin both the numbers and the trend, makes an assessment about the direction that it is likely to push Turkey-EU relations into in the 2023 timeframe of the FEUTURE research framework, and concludes with a few initial recommendations. The conjecture of the paper is that European public opinion towards Turkish EU membership is likely to edge Turkey-EU relations in a more conflictual orientation. The paper spells out how and why. Mindful of the unpredictability of current international relations, the paper unfolds a few possible exceptions to this conjecture, and concludes with three initial recommendations e.g. on trust-building, expectation management around the necessity (if not want) of further cooperation etc.

FEUTURE EU 28 Country Report Denmark As with most European Union (EU)-related issues, the Danish attitude towards Turkey's membership of the European Union is characterized by ambivalence. As Dietrich Jung notes, Turkish membership is "not so much an issue of bureaucratic politics but first and foremost a topic of public debate among politicians, media pundits and a number of publicly known personalities". Thus, Turkey's candidacy has always had a "precarious" status in Danish politics, being directly linked to both political discourses on the EU and public debate about migration and Islam.

FEUTURE Online Paper No. 19 This paper presents a trends survey of identity-related primarily European representations of Turkey (but also vice versa) in the 1999-2017 timeframe with a view to identifying the most salient, pertinent, and durable drivers likely to obtain and drive the relations between Turkey and the EU into 2023. It identifies four key drivers underpinning European representations of Turkey, three drivers underpinning Turkish representations of Europe and one shared driver that collectively reveal the underlying dynamics of identity-related representations of each other, a both pivotal and often controversial aspect of EU-Turkey relations. In conclusion, the paper unfolds the nature of the likely scenario of a 'conflictual orientation' in 2023, and adds some initial recommendations for decision makers and stakeholders to address this often both sensitive and elusive aspect of EU-Turkey relations.

FEUTURE Online Paper No. 31 The main question of this paper is what direction the AKP's identity-politics is likely to drive Turkey-EU relations into the 2023 timeframe of the FEUTURE research project. Following a few initial methodological, conceptual and historical preliminaries, this paper traverses five phases of AKP identity politics with a view to identifying the underlying drivers that are likely to pertain into 2023. The upshot is that both common traits to all five phases and traits more particular to the most recent phases hold a conflictual potential for Turkey-EU relations. Elements of pragmatism embedded in AKP identity-politics and the possibility that identity-related drivers of Turkey-EU relations will see a drop of salience hold out a silver lining for the relationship. The paper concludes with a few initial recommendations.

This chapter argues that key traits of the social networks that drove the 2013 Gezi demonstrations faced a tall order not so much in relation to the heavy-handed response imposed by then PM Recep Tayyip Erdogan, but vis-a-vis the reach and influence of the traditional networks that permeate Turkish society. Turkish society is shot through with both highly diverse and highly salient subnational group identities. Coupled with a concomitant tradition of a highly partisan executive state power, this has led to the advent of strong traditional networks that can vouch for the basic security, socio-economic prosperity, and recognition of identity of its network members. The highly individualized connective action of the Gezi social networks were unable to do just that. Or so the chapter argues.

This book stems from a question posed in relation to McDowell's philosophy of how to combine a prior commitment to Wittgenstein with a further to Hegel in an account of conceptual consciousness.The volume offers original critical discussions of:McDowell's discussion ...

FEUTURE Online Paper No. 3 The aim of this FEUTURE paper is threefold. First, it aims to present in outline the main dynamics that have characterized the security relations between Turkey and the EU since WWII, with a particular emphasis on the post-1999 period. Secondly, it identifies the main drivers that underpin the security manifestations of Turkey-EU relations. Thirdly, and on that footing, it presents the most likely of the three FEUTURE scenarios — conflict, cooperation, and convergence — in the field of security dynamics for the near future. In particular, the paper highlights both the centripetal and centrifugal forces that have marked and continue to mark the relationship. Also, global and regional dynamics and particularly the choices of the United States in the security sphere often drive the relationship even if domestic dynamics have seen a growing salience in the PostCrisis period.

FEUTURE Online Paper No. 24 This paper examines whether global security dynamics will act as either centripetal forces to the Turkey-EU relations on threat perceptions and security concerns, keeping the relationship aligned, or whether they will act as centrifugal forces pushing Tukey and the EU further apart on security. More precisely, the paper surveys the roles of (i) the US and NATO, (ii) Russia, and (iii) global security shifts as well as new (in-)security trends in this context. The paper argues that these three groups of global security dynamics will push Turkey-EU relations in a more conflictual direction, if cooperation—often more out of necessity than want—will continue to keep the relationship away from the brink, resulting in a form of conflictual cooperation. The paper concludes with a few initial recommendations.

FEUTURE Online Paper No. 12 This paper presents an analysis of the political changes in Turkey since 1999, through a process-tracing exercise for four political drivers – namely democratisation, civil-military relations, the Kurdish question and foreign policy orientation- that unfold these changes under three periods of Turkey's political history (1999-2002; 2007-2013; 2013-present); and secondly presenting an assessment of which of the three FEUTURE scenarios for Turkey-EU relations—convergence, cooperation or conflict —is the most likely to obtain in the near future on the basis of these drivers. With the ever rising degrees of unpredictability in international relations to the side, the paper argues that the political changes in Turkey during the AKP reign are likely to escalate the already conflict-ridden relationship between Turkey and European Union, but also lays bare the perhaps more important questions of how and why this is likely to be the case.